UN 
The intricate link between oil resources and armed conflict remains a critical concern for global security and sustainable development. In a recent discussion hosted by public radio’s environmental news magazine, Living on Earth, Michael Klare, emeritus professor of peace and security studies at Hampshire College, shed light on how oil continues to be a driving factor in geopolitical tensions and wars. The ongoing U.S.-Israel military actions targeting Iran have significantly disrupted global energy markets, notably through the closure of the Strait of Hormuz—a vital chokepoint for nearly 20% of the world’s traded oil.
Klare emphasized that beyond immediate military objectives, there is a broader economic incentive for certain actors profiting from prolonged conflict. The restricted flow of oil not only inflates global prices but also benefits companies and entities involved in fossil fuel extraction, distribution, and arms trading. This dynamic perpetuates cycles of violence and instability, undermining efforts to achieve peace and sustainable development goals, particularly SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions) and SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy).
This situation highlights the complex challenge of transitioning away from fossil fuels to mitigate conflict risk. Dependency on oil revenues often funds military capabilities that sustain conflicts, making energy diversification not just an environmental imperative but a peacebuilding strategy. Experts argue that enhancing renewable energy infrastructure and reducing oil’s geopolitical leverage could decrease the incentives for armed confrontation.
Also, the recent disruptions underscore vulnerabilities in global energy security, prompting calls for international cooperation. Policies that promote energy resilience, transparency in resource governance, and conflict-sensitive investment approaches are essential. As the world navigates these turbulent times, integrating peace and sustainability considerations into energy policy is critical to breaking the cycle where oil profits fuel war.
